Death from any cause

Overview

Definition

Death from any cause

Unit

Not reported

Measured in

Studies in this atlas that report this outcome, by the claim each finding supports. Each finding keeps its own population, denominator and time window on the study page.

• Secondary endpoint China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) · See the findings

  Applies to Recipient not specified

  • People who had had a stroke, or who were 60 years of age or older and had high blood pressure, living in rural villages in China. The registry defines high blood pressure as uncontrolled: systolic 140 mmHg or more on treatment, or 160 mmHg or more without treatment. In the trial 72.6% had a history of stroke and 88.4% a history of hypertension, and the mean age was 65.4 years. No source read gives a minimum age, and the past-stroke group has no stated age floor, so the recipient is recorded as unknown rather than adult. Pregnancy is not mentioned in the sources read.
  • Rural villages in China, 600 of them. The registry names five Northern Chinese provinces and Tibet. A household phone was an entry requirement.
  • Rural China: five Northern Chinese provinces and Tibet (registry description)
  • Mixed ages with a mean of 65.4 years. Age 60 or over is required for people without a past stroke; no age floor is stated for people with one.
  • Gestational age Not reported
  • Postnatal age Not reported

  Follow-up Mean follow-up 4.74 years (abstract). The registry gives a time frame of 5 years.
  In the same trial and time window, deaths from any cause were less frequent with the salt substitute: 39.28 events per 1000 person-years against 44.61 with regular salt (rate ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95). Death from any cause was a secondary outcome.

  Limitations. Secondary outcome. The limits of the stroke claim apply: One open-label, cluster-randomized trial in rural China. The result applies to people who had had a stroke or were 60 or over with high blood pressure and met the other entry rules, such as no potassium-sparing diuretic, potassium supplement or serious kidney impairment in the household. It does not show the same effect in other groups or places. The tested package is ongoing dietary advice plus the substitute, compared with dietary advice at baseline only (registry). The abstract calls the trial open-label, while the registry records masking as DOUBLE (investigator and outcomes assessor); the two are not reconciled. The registry counts 20996 participants and the abstract 20,995; the reason is unknown. Only the abstract and the registry were read: the NEJM full text returned HTTP 403 and no open copy exists, so event counts, person-years, per-arm intervals and any correction are not recorded.

• Secondary endpoint Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) · See the findings

  Applies to Adult

  • Adults aged 50 years or older with systolic blood pressure of 130 to 180 mm Hg (the registry lowers the upper limit as the number of blood-pressure medicines rises) and at least one increased-risk criterion, excluding diabetes mellitus and prior stroke.
  • Outpatient trial clinics at 102 clinical sites. Nursing-home and assisted-living residents were not enrolled.
  • United States, including Puerto Rico
  • Adult, 50 years and over (28.2% of each arm aged 75 or over, per Table 1 of the paper)

  Follow-up Median follow-up 3.26 years when the blood-pressure intervention was stopped early on 2015-08-20. The registry gives a planned maximum follow-up of 6 years. Mean systolic pressure at 1 year was 121.4 mm Hg (intensive) and 136.2 mm Hg (standard).
  In the same trial and time window, fewer people in the lower-target group died from any cause: 155 of 4678 versus 210 of 4683 (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.90).

  Source problem. A cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim.

  Limitations. Secondary outcome. The limits of the primary-effect claim also apply: one open-label trial stopped early for benefit, results the authors do not extend to people with diabetes, prior stroke or age under 50, or to nursing-home residents, and a 2017 erratum whose content was not verified.

Record details

Record id

core:outcome-death-any-cause

Content hash

4f5ba53bf4129c197598a4c09d66a8f015ece53df83a703940c37393ddfef4ab