{ "release_id": "73130c34862e2d06", "id": "cardio:sudden-cardiac-arrest", "owner": "cardio", "kind": "condition", "slug": "sudden-cardiac-arrest", "name": "Sudden cardiac arrest", "aliases": [ "Cardiac arrest", "SCA" ], "atlases": [ "cardio" ], "summary_plain": "Sudden cardiac arrest is when the heart abruptly stops pumping, so blood stops reaching the brain and other organs. It is an emergency. Without quick treatment it usually causes death within minutes. Anyone who sees a person collapse can help by calling 9-1-1, giving CPR and, if one is nearby, using an automated external defibrillator (AED).", "summary_technical": "NHLBI and MedlinePlus agree on the outline. Cardiac arrest is caused by a rhythm disturbance, with ventricular fibrillation named by MedlinePlus as the cause of most arrests and by NHLBI, with ventricular tachycardia, as the main cause. Coronary artery disease is a common condition underneath. MedlinePlus separates it from a heart attack, which is a blocked blood supply to the heart, and says an arrest can happen after or during recovery from a heart attack; NHLBI also says cardiac arrest accounts for about half of all deaths associated with heart attacks and strokes. NHLBI puts deaths from cardiac arrest in the United States between 300,000 and 450,000 a year and says nine in ten people who have an arrest outside hospital die, often within minutes. Neither page gives an age group. MeSH D006323 (Heart Arrest) is wider than this page and is stored as a broad match.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-15", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-15", "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "mesh", "value": "D006323", "normalized_value": "D006323", "match": "broad", "version": "id.nlm.nih.gov linked data, retrieved 2026-10-15", "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "navigation": { "cardio": { "system": [ "heart" ], "condition-area": [ "acute-care-and-long-term-living" ] } }, "payload": { "recognition": "NHLBI lists a sudden collapse with loss of consciousness, no breathing or only gasping, no response to shouting or shaking, and no pulse. MedlinePlus says loss of consciousness is usually the first sign.", "assessment": "MedlinePlus says providers rarely diagnose cardiac arrest with tests while it is happening; it is usually recognized afterwards by ruling out other causes of a sudden collapse.", "burden_claims": [] }, "content_digest": "1500406c60f0b4b763777f9f9f9a47f8fb9784b160ba788f04d3e3f06c8e4d5e", "review": { "content_digest": "1500406c60f0b4b763777f9f9f9a47f8fb9784b160ba788f04d3e3f06c8e4d5e", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "73130c34862e2d06", "id": "cardio:claim-sca-recognize-and-call", "owner": "cardio", "subject_entity_id": "cardio:sudden-cardiac-arrest", "category": "descriptive", "statement": "NHLBI lists the signs that a person may be in cardiac arrest: a sudden collapse with loss of consciousness, no breathing or only gasping, no response to shouting or shaking, and no pulse. MedlinePlus says the first sign is usually loss of consciousness. NHLBI says survival chances improve when first responders get there quickly, which is why it stresses phoning 9-1-1 before anything else.", "context": { "id": "cardio:ctx-nhlbi-medlineplus-cardiac-arrest-pages", "label": "People in cardiac arrest outside hospital, as described in NHLBI and MedlinePlus patient pages", "recipient": "unknown", "population": "People who collapse and may be in cardiac arrest, and the bystanders around them. The pages are general patient information and do not give separate advice by age.", "care_setting": "Community and public places, then emergency services (the pages are written for bystanders).", "geography": "United States (the NHLBI page cites US death figures and the 9-1-1 number).", "life_stage_note": "The pages do not state an age group.", "life_stage_terms": null, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable (patient information pages).", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "A person who collapses, stops responding and is not breathing normally" ], "exclusion": [] } }, "evidence_stage": "unknown", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "General patient information from two government pages (NHLBI last updated 2022-05-19). NHLBI is a cite-only source, so its wording is restated and not quoted. The pages do not give an age group or a time limit for these steps.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-15", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Page body, list item 1", "applicability_note": "Patient information page, restated in the claim.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:53:21Z", "content_hash": "983ed7b98dc8e782bb47746bd9a1e78f09f7a6d5be1f583b636d40b93e91748a", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest", "source_type": "webpage", "title": "Cardiac Arrest: What Is Cardiac Arrest? 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