{ "release_id": "2b2017b84496b985", "id": "cardio:high-sodium-intake", "owner": "cardio", "kind": "risk_factor", "slug": "high-sodium-intake", "name": "High sodium intake", "aliases": [ "High salt intake" ], "atlases": [ "cardio" ], "summary_plain": "Sodium is the part of table salt linked with higher blood pressure when people eat a lot of it. The World Health Organization advises adults to keep sodium below 2 grams a day, which is about 5 grams of salt. It estimated that average sodium intake worldwide in 2019 was more than double that limit.", "summary_technical": "Exposure defined here as dietary sodium above the WHO limit of less than 2 g a day of sodium (5 g of salt) in adults, a strong WHO recommendation. The MeSH heading \"Sodium Chloride, Dietary\" names the substance, not an intake level. Evidence recorded here is the WHO 2012 summary of observational associations (very low to low quality ratings) and the WHO 2025 restatement of the limit. The WHO 2012 text also reports an association with hypertension, recorded as a discovery link because the passage does not state raised risk. SSaSS tested a different thing: replacing salt with a potassium-containing substitute.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-11", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-11", "next_review_due": null, "external_ids": [ { "namespace": "mesh", "value": "D017673" } ], "navigation": { "cardio": { "system": [ "blood-vessels" ], "condition-area": [ "risk-and-prevention", "hypertension", "stroke" ] } }, "payload": { "factor_type": "exposure", "definition": "Dietary sodium intake above the WHO limit for adults of less than 2 g of sodium (5 g of salt) a day.", "contexts": [ "cardio:ctx-who-adults-sodium-intake" ] }, "content_digest": "28d5c3f4d3562c348a41974113320d38c1cf6e4331af59a11880360bbb34e4d2", "review": { "content_digest": "28d5c3f4d3562c348a41974113320d38c1cf6e4331af59a11880360bbb34e4d2", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "2b2017b84496b985", "id": "cardio:claim-high-sodium-raises-stroke-risk", "owner": "cardio", "subject_entity_id": "cardio:high-sodium-intake", "category": "descriptive", "statement": "The WHO 2012 sodium guideline reports that, in cohort studies of adults, people who ate more sodium had more strokes than people who ate the least. The pooled risk ratio was 1.24 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.43) for stroke and 1.63 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.10) for fatal stroke. WHO rated the evidence very low quality for stroke and low quality for fatal stroke. These are observational comparisons of higher and lower intake groups.", "context": { "id": "cardio:ctx-who-adults-sodium-intake", "label": "Adults in general populations (WHO sodium intake guidance, 2012 and its 2025 restatement)", "recipient": "adult", "population": "Adults in the general population, with or without hypertension. The 2012 text also applies the recommendation to pregnant and lactating women; that item belongs to the maternal atlas and is outside this context. The 2012 text excludes people with illnesses or medicines that can cause low blood sodium or sudden fluid retention, and people who need physician-supervised diets, such as people with heart failure or type 1 diabetes.", "care_setting": "Not stated as a care setting. The guidance covers everyday dietary sodium intake.", "geography": "Global guidance. The cohort studies in the 2012 meta-analysis were conducted in Europe, Japan and the United States.", "life_stage": "Adult; the sources set no age bounds in the passages read", "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable to the recommendation. The cohort studies in the 2012 summary followed adults for 3.8 to 22 years.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Adults", "With or without hypertension" ], "exclusion": [ "Illnesses or medicines that can cause low blood sodium or sudden fluid retention", "People who need physician-supervised diets (for example heart failure, type 1 diabetes)", "Pregnancy and lactation: named by the 2012 text, outside this context" ] } }, "evidence_stage": "synthesis", "certainty": "very_low", "certainty_method": "WHO's own GRADE quality ratings, printed in the 2012 guideline: very low for the stroke result and low for the fatal stroke result. The claim takes the lower rating.", "limitations": "Observational cohort data with very low to low quality ratings from WHO. Groups were compared on sodium intake, not on a change in intake, and the guideline notes that some cohort studies found no link, an inverse link (higher intake with lower risk) or a J-shaped curve. Intake ranges differed widely between studies, and the lowest-intake groups in some studies ate as much as 4 g of sodium a day, so the comparison is not intake above against below the WHO limit of 2 g. Nothing here shows that cutting sodium prevents strokes; the SSaSS claim concerns a different intervention.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": null, "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Executive summary, Background, paragraph 1", "applicability_note": "WHO links high sodium intake with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and stroke.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Summary of evidence, page 13, meta-analysis of cohort studies", "applicability_note": "Pooled risk ratio for stroke, quality very low.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Summary of evidence, page 13, fatal stroke", "applicability_note": "Pooled risk ratio for fatal stroke, quality low.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Summary of evidence, page 13, cohort studies and comparison groups", "applicability_note": "Fifteen cohort studies in adults, reference group lowest intake, comparison group generally highest.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Background, page 6", "applicability_note": "Most cohort studies reported a direct relationship, but not all.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } } ], "review": { "content_digest": "0afa50074013cb476f1283675200b4f8d672856cca6805f0cd4524c40497fea9", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "api_path": "api/v1/claims/cardio--claim-high-sodium-raises-stroke-risk.json" }, { "release_id": "2b2017b84496b985", "id": "cardio:claim-who-sodium-under-2g", "owner": "cardio", "subject_entity_id": "cardio:high-sodium-intake", "category": "recommendation", "statement": "WHO recommends that adults reduce sodium intake to below 2 g a day, about 5 g of salt, to lower blood pressure and the risk of heart and blood-vessel disease. WHO calls this a strong recommendation and restates it in its 2025 salt-substitute guideline.", "context": { "id": "cardio:ctx-who-adults-sodium-intake", "label": "Adults in general populations (WHO sodium intake guidance, 2012 and its 2025 restatement)", "recipient": "adult", "population": "Adults in the general population, with or without hypertension. The 2012 text also applies the recommendation to pregnant and lactating women; that item belongs to the maternal atlas and is outside this context. The 2012 text excludes people with illnesses or medicines that can cause low blood sodium or sudden fluid retention, and people who need physician-supervised diets, such as people with heart failure or type 1 diabetes.", "care_setting": "Not stated as a care setting. The guidance covers everyday dietary sodium intake.", "geography": "Global guidance. The cohort studies in the 2012 meta-analysis were conducted in Europe, Japan and the United States.", "life_stage": "Adult; the sources set no age bounds in the passages read", "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable to the recommendation. The cohort studies in the 2012 summary followed adults for 3.8 to 22 years.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Adults", "With or without hypertension" ], "exclusion": [ "Illnesses or medicines that can cause low blood sodium or sudden fluid retention", "People who need physician-supervised diets (for example heart failure, type 1 diabetes)", "Pregnancy and lactation: named by the 2012 text, outside this context" ] } }, "evidence_stage": "guidance", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "The 2025 guideline restates the limit; the strong recommendation itself comes from the 2012 WHO guideline, which this claim cites. In its recommendation remarks that PDF rates the evidence on sodium and blood pressure as high quality, and the evidence on sodium and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke and coronary heart disease as lower quality. Its Annex 1 GRADE table for intake below 2 g a day against 2 g or more in adults says that no study addressed that question with cardiovascular disease or stroke as its outcome. The table rates resting systolic blood pressure at 3.47 mmHg lower from 2 studies, graded high, and has no estimate for any cardiovascular event outcome. A footnote to that table reports 5 cohort studies that compared the two intake levels, with a risk ratio of 1.30 (1.03 to 1.64) for stroke at 2 g a day or more, and the table gives that cohort result no GRADE rating. Annex 8 of the PDF describes evidence of high and moderate quality that intake below 2 g a day is beneficial for blood pressure and for the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and coronary heart disease in adults. It rates the cardiovascular part as moderate quality on the basis of the blood-pressure evidence, citing the well-established link between blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes. WHO gives no single certainty rating for the 2 g limit, so the certainty stays not assessed. The 2012 text applies the limit to pregnant and lactating women too, which is outside this context. The limit is for general populations and excludes people on supervised diets or with illnesses that affect body sodium.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": null, "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Executive summary, aligned WHO recommendations on sodium intake, page x", "applicability_note": "The limit as restated in 2025.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-lsss-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:11:28Z", "content_hash": "e7111969908bbf588c20b457b6f5f26ce16e6d9e023e7e179d8a9c1b54a318a0", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-2025-lsss", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Use of lower-sodium salt substitutes: WHO guideline", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240105591", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978-92-4-010559-1", "publication_date": "2025-01-27", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "Guideline dated 27 January 2025 on the WHO page; English PDF from WHO IRIS, both fetched 2026-10-11. The PDF title page shows only the year 2025.", "reuse_basis": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, stated in the PDF. Short quotations with attribution only, until the atlas settles its public data licence. Hashes only; the page and the PDF are not committed.", "public_text": "quote" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Executive summary, WHO recommendation box, page ix (rationale sentence)", "applicability_note": "Why WHO recommends it: blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-lsss-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:11:28Z", "content_hash": "e7111969908bbf588c20b457b6f5f26ce16e6d9e023e7e179d8a9c1b54a318a0", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-2025-lsss", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Use of lower-sodium salt substitutes: WHO guideline", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240105591", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978-92-4-010559-1", "publication_date": "2025-01-27", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "Guideline dated 27 January 2025 on the WHO page; English PDF from WHO IRIS, both fetched 2026-10-11. The PDF title page shows only the year 2025.", "reuse_basis": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, stated in the PDF. Short quotations with attribution only, until the atlas settles its public data licence. Hashes only; the page and the PDF are not committed.", "public_text": "quote" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Executive summary, Background, paragraph 1", "applicability_note": "The 2012 guideline gives 2 g of sodium a day, equal to 5 g of salt.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Executive summary, Recommendations remarks, page 3, paragraph 1", "applicability_note": "Who the 2012 recommendation applies to and its exceptions.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Executive summary, Recommendations remarks, page 3, paragraph 4", "applicability_note": "WHO's statement of the quality of the evidence behind the 2012 recommendations.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Annex 1, GRADE table for intake below 2 g/day against 2 g/day or more in adults (PDF page 32), outcome rows and notes", "applicability_note": "No study had cardiovascular disease or stroke as its outcome; blood pressure rated high; a footnote reports cohort studies.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Summary of evidence, page 12, comparison of the lowest with the middle consumption group", "applicability_note": "The blood-pressure difference for below 2 g a day, with WHO's high quality rating.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Annex 8, Quality of evidence, page 37", "applicability_note": "WHO's summary of evidence quality when it set the strength of the recommendation.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012-pdf-2026-10-11", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T19:12:45Z", "content_hash": "1f42c807c29ae255b31554afafaed683d5598414a1e5cc2a4b89190c72e2f369", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:who-sodium-2012", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children", "canonical_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241504836", "identifier_namespace": "isbn", "identifier_value": "978 92 4 150483 6", "publication_date": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "edition": "English PDF from WHO IRIS, fetched 2026-10-11. The copyright page reads 2012, reprinted 2014.", "reuse_basis": "All rights reserved, per the copyright page. Public text is cite_only: the copyright page says all rights reserved, so the terms do not clearly allow quotation (your WHO decision on issue 2 covers the CC BY-NC-SA guidelines). Easy to change to quote if you decide otherwise. Hash only; the PDF is not committed.", "public_text": "cite_only" } } ], "review": { "content_digest": "aac78716f0e87a0a7451bbaeffcceda2c052137a513f65a4cef0a9a305459ea3", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "api_path": "api/v1/claims/cardio--claim-who-sodium-under-2g.json" } ], "decisions": [], "relationships": { "outgoing": [ { "predicate": "increases_risk_of", "label": "Observational association with stroke (WHO 2012, quality very low to low)", "clinical_claim_not_fact": true, "other_entity_id": "core:stroke", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": "cardio:claim-high-sodium-raises-stroke-risk" }, { "predicate": "related_to", "label": "Discussed together in the WHO 2012 sodium guideline", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "other_entity_id": "core:hypertension", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null } ], "incoming": [ { "predicate": "recommended_for", "label": "Recommended for this", "clinical_claim_not_fact": true, "other_entity_id": "cardio:salt-substitution", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": "cardio:claim-who-2025-lsss" }, { "predicate": "investigates", "label": "Investigated in", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "other_entity_id": "cardio:ssass", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null } ] }, "page_path": "risk-factors/high-sodium-intake/", "context_path": "api/v1/context/cardio--high-sodium-intake.md" }