{ "release_id": "f6f6f1b6f50379ed", "id": "cardio:heart-failure", "owner": "cardio", "kind": "condition", "slug": "heart-failure", "name": "Heart failure", "aliases": [ "Congestive heart failure", "Cardiac failure", "CHF" ], "atlases": [ "cardio" ], "summary_plain": "Heart failure means the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It does not mean the heart has stopped. It can come on suddenly or build up over time, and most often another condition has damaged the heart. NHLBI says it has no cure, but that treatment can extend life, keep people more active and ease symptoms. This page links to the two main types, which are sorted by how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each beat, and to the tests, medicines, devices and trials in this atlas.", "summary_technical": "Parent page for the heart-failure types in this atlas: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Definition, causes, diagnosis, treatment and self-care come from NHLBI heart failure pages last updated on 2022-03-24 and from a MedlinePlus health topic. The NHLBI treatment page, dated 2022, says the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure was still being studied; the four SGLT2 inhibitor trials are shown separately in this atlas. NHLBI and the trials use different ejection fraction cut-offs (see the ejection fraction page). The MeSH heading D006333 is an exact match.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "mesh", "value": "D006333", "normalized_value": "D006333", "match": "exact", "version": "read 2026-10-14", "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "navigation": { "cardio": { "system": [ "heart" ], "condition-area": [ "heart-failure" ] } }, "payload": { "recognition": "NHLBI says there may be no symptoms at first. Later, people may notice tiredness, breathlessness and fluid build-up in the lower body, the abdomen or the neck.", "assessment": "NHLBI says the diagnosis draws on the person's own and family medical history, an examination, and the results of imaging and blood tests. Blood tests can include BNP, and an echocardiogram or other imaging measures the ejection fraction.", "burden_claims": [ "cardio:claim-hf-us-prevalence" ] }, "content_digest": "ca4f1f1bec6b7e1280f2336830c7c328075395a828403e02903e38f7f3fd4b98", "review": { "content_digest": "ca4f1f1bec6b7e1280f2336830c7c328075395a828403e02903e38f7f3fd4b98", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "f6f6f1b6f50379ed", "id": "cardio:claim-hf-living-with-nhlbi", "owner": "cardio", "subject_entity_id": "cardio:heart-failure", "category": "descriptive", "statement": "NHLBI says treatment for heart failure is usually lifelong, and that the condition often worsens over time even when it is treated. For care at home, it advises taking medicines as prescribed and reporting side effects, and being alert to rising weight, swollen ankles or worsening breathlessness, which can be signs that fluid is collecting. It advises asking the provider how often to weigh and when to report changes.", "context": { "id": "cardio:ctx-nhlbi-hf-adults", "label": "Adults with heart failure, as described by NHLBI (heart failure health topic)", "recipient": "adult", "population": "Adults. NHLBI says this health topic is about adult heart failure and that children can be affected too.", "care_setting": "Not applicable (a description of the condition and its care).", "geography": "United States (the prevalence figure is for US adults; the page names no other country).", "life_stage_note": "Adults.", "life_stage_terms": null, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Adults with heart failure" ], "exclusion": [] } }, "evidence_stage": "unknown", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "General patient information from a government health page that was last updated on March 24, 2022. It is not an individual care plan, and it states no numbers or thresholds for weight change. The page is cite only, so no wording is quoted here.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Living With Heart Failure, opening paragraph", "applicability_note": "Lifelong treatment plan, and that heart failure often worsens. NHLBI page last updated March 24, 2022 according to the page; cite only, so this atlas restates it in its own words.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-living-with-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:20:44Z", "content_hash": "651571275085363a83dc08dad88362ab1b6a2fbfa8ec038ded61f961a5fb8c0c", "source_effective_date": "2022-03-24", "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-living-with", "source_type": "webpage", "title": "NHLBI: Heart Failure: Living With Heart Failure", "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-failure/living-with", "identifiers": [], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH)", "edition": "NHLBI health topic page fetched 2026-10-14. The page says it was last updated on March 24, 2022.", "reuse_basis": "NHLBI web page. The page states no reuse terms, and the NHLBI Website, Privacy, and Accessibility page (fetched as ce-nhlbi-website-privacy-accessibility.html, sha256 4a2dc26d04f8c22437502b5215031c1fb652759638b50552690d8b1383dd723c) does not either. The NIH web policies page returned HTTP 403 (ce-nih-web-policies.html) and was not worked around. Reuse terms are therefore unverified, and this atlas treats the page as cite only: the facts are stated in its own words with the citation and link. Only the hash is kept.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Home care section, medicines", "applicability_note": "Take medicines as prescribed and report side effects. 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NHLBI page last updated March 24, 2022 according to the page; cite only, so this atlas restates it in its own words.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-living-with-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:20:44Z", "content_hash": "651571275085363a83dc08dad88362ab1b6a2fbfa8ec038ded61f961a5fb8c0c", "source_effective_date": "2022-03-24", "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-living-with", "source_type": "webpage", "title": "NHLBI: Heart Failure: Living With Heart Failure", "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-failure/living-with", "identifiers": [], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH)", "edition": "NHLBI health topic page fetched 2026-10-14. The page says it was last updated on March 24, 2022.", "reuse_basis": "NHLBI web page. 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Only the hash is kept.", "public_text": "cite_only" } } ], "review": { "content_digest": "8e70afa86318712281dda1821203589f2fde9371dc23a336dee14c01f71a452d", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "api_path": "api/v1/claims/cardio--claim-hf-living-with-nhlbi.json" }, { "release_id": "f6f6f1b6f50379ed", "id": "cardio:claim-hf-us-prevalence", "owner": "cardio", "subject_entity_id": "cardio:heart-failure", "category": "burden", "statement": "The NHLBI heart failure page puts the number of US adults living with heart failure at over 6 million, a figure it credits to the CDC.", "context": { "id": "cardio:ctx-nhlbi-hf-adults", "label": "Adults with heart failure, as described by NHLBI (heart failure health topic)", "recipient": "adult", "population": "Adults. NHLBI says this health topic is about adult heart failure and that children can be affected too.", "care_setting": "Not applicable (a description of the condition and its care).", "geography": "United States (the prevalence figure is for US adults; the page names no other country).", "life_stage_note": "Adults.", "life_stage_terms": null, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Adults with heart failure" ], "exclusion": [] } }, "evidence_stage": "unknown", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "A figure quoted on a government health page, not read at its CDC source (CDC pages return an error to scripts). The page gives no year for the figure or the method. The NHLBI page was last updated on March 24, 2022, so the count may be out of date.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "What Is Heart Failure, paragraph 2", "applicability_note": "The prevalence figure, which NHLBI attributes to the CDC. 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