{ "release_id": "5dcd9b263fe17744", "id": "cardio:guideline-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "owner": "cardio", "kind": "guideline", "slug": "guideline-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "name": "USPSTF 2021: screening for hypertension in adults", "aliases": [ "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement" ], "atlases": [ "cardio" ], "summary_plain": "The 2021 reaffirmation by the United States Preventive Services Task Force of its advice to screen adults aged 18 or older for high blood pressure with an office measurement, and to confirm a diagnosis with measurements taken outside the clinic before starting treatment. It carries the Task Force's highest grade, A.", "summary_technical": "JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656, doi 10.1001/jama.2021.4987, PMID 33904861. The USPSTF page dates the final statement April 27, 2021. Only the PubMed abstract and that date line were read. The abstract says the Task Force used a reaffirmation process for its 2015 recommendation. The USPSTF permits reuse of its work only under its copyright notice, so this atlas states the recommendation in its own words, with a citation and a link.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-15", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-15", "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": true }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": true } ], "navigation": { "cardio": { "system": [ "blood-vessels" ], "condition-area": [ "hypertension", "risk-and-prevention" ] } }, "payload": { "source": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "issuers": [ "core:uspstf" ], "edition": "2021 reaffirmation statement", "published": "2021-04-27", "planned_update": null, "status": "not_checked", "scope": "Screening for hypertension in adults aged 18 or older without known hypertension.", "plain_interpretation": null }, "content_digest": "db93f1c6a71fcff4b9a38a2be95b6e2b77d5d4ca87abb2cfe7aa12d5961dd183", "review": { "content_digest": "db93f1c6a71fcff4b9a38a2be95b6e2b77d5d4ca87abb2cfe7aa12d5961dd183", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "5dcd9b263fe17744", "id": "cardio:claim-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening-a", "owner": "cardio", "subject_entity_id": "cardio:guideline-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "category": "recommendation", "statement": "The USPSTF advises screening adults aged 18 or older for hypertension with an office blood pressure reading, and advises taking measurements outside the clinical setting to confirm the diagnosis before treatment starts (grade A). It reaffirmed its 2015 recommendation and, using a reaffirmation process, concluded with high certainty that screening has a substantial net benefit.", "context": { "id": "cardio:ctx-uspstf-2021-adults-without-known-hypertension", "label": "Adults 18 or older without known hypertension (USPSTF 2021 reaffirmation)", "recipient": "adult", "population": "People from age 18 with no known hypertension, as the abstract defines the population.", "care_setting": "Not stated in the abstract. The recommendation concerns screening with a reading taken in the office and confirmation with readings taken outside the clinical setting.", "geography": "United States (a USPSTF recommendation; the abstract gives US figures)", "life_stage_note": "Adults aged 18 or older", "life_stage_terms": null, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable (guideline context)", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Aged 18 or older", "No known hypertension" ], "exclusion": [ "People with known hypertension" ] } }, "evidence_stage": "guidance", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "A reaffirmation of the 2015 recommendation, reached through what the abstract calls a reaffirmation deliberation process. The abstract names no screening interval and no method for out-of-office measurement; those details were not read. The A label is read from the parenthesis that follows the last recommendation sentence in the abstract. The Task Force certainty is its own rating, not GRADE. Only the PubMed abstract and the date line of the USPSTF page were read. No recommendation record is written, because this atlas has no record for blood pressure screening itself.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-15", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 1", "applicability_note": "Screening of adults from age 18, using an office reading.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:pubmed-33904861-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:48:56Z", "content_hash": "768b951661f84879b6c87abd3f08bb13a68299f4f53074bd7b4e84b618c835cb", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2021-04-27", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "Reaffirmation statement published in JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PubMed abstract and bibliographic data, plus the date line of the USPSTF recommendation page (both fetched 2026-10-15). The full statement and the evidence review were not read. PubMed lists no correction to the statement.", "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The USPSTF copyright notice (see source core:uspstf-about) lets the public reproduce USPSTF work only without changes, except as fair use, and asks that the USPSTF page be cited. That is not clear permission to repost wording, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the recommendation in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link. The notice also says the work may not be sold for profit or folded into a profit-making venture without written permission from AHRQ (see source cardio:uspstf-copyright-notice, fetched 2026-10-15). Whether the atlas counts as such a venture is not settled here, so every USPSTF fact is kept in the atlas's own words. Quote rows from the abstract are short evidence fragments for the reviewer, and the USPSTF page is quoted only for its date line.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 2", "applicability_note": "Confirm with measurements outside the clinic before treatment.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:pubmed-33904861-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:48:56Z", "content_hash": "768b951661f84879b6c87abd3f08bb13a68299f4f53074bd7b4e84b618c835cb", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2021-04-27", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "Reaffirmation statement published in JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PubMed abstract and bibliographic data, plus the date line of the USPSTF recommendation page (both fetched 2026-10-15). The full statement and the evidence review were not read. PubMed lists no correction to the statement.", "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The USPSTF copyright notice (see source core:uspstf-about) lets the public reproduce USPSTF work only without changes, except as fair use, and asks that the USPSTF page be cited. That is not clear permission to repost wording, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the recommendation in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link. The notice also says the work may not be sold for profit or folded into a profit-making venture without written permission from AHRQ (see source cardio:uspstf-copyright-notice, fetched 2026-10-15). Whether the atlas counts as such a venture is not settled here, so every USPSTF fact is kept in the atlas's own words. Quote rows from the abstract are short evidence fragments for the reviewer, and the USPSTF page is quoted only for its date line.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 3", "applicability_note": "The grade A label.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:pubmed-33904861-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:48:56Z", "content_hash": "768b951661f84879b6c87abd3f08bb13a68299f4f53074bd7b4e84b618c835cb", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2021-04-27", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "Reaffirmation statement published in JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PubMed abstract and bibliographic data, plus the date line of the USPSTF recommendation page (both fetched 2026-10-15). The full statement and the evidence review were not read. PubMed lists no correction to the statement.", "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The USPSTF copyright notice (see source core:uspstf-about) lets the public reproduce USPSTF work only without changes, except as fair use, and asks that the USPSTF page be cited. That is not clear permission to repost wording, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the recommendation in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link. The notice also says the work may not be sold for profit or folded into a profit-making venture without written permission from AHRQ (see source cardio:uspstf-copyright-notice, fetched 2026-10-15). Whether the atlas counts as such a venture is not settled here, so every USPSTF fact is kept in the atlas's own words. Quote rows from the abstract are short evidence fragments for the reviewer, and the USPSTF page is quoted only for its date line.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT, sentence 1", "applicability_note": "High certainty of substantial net benefit, by the reaffirmation process.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:pubmed-33904861-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:48:56Z", "content_hash": "768b951661f84879b6c87abd3f08bb13a68299f4f53074bd7b4e84b618c835cb", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2021-04-27", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "Reaffirmation statement published in JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PubMed abstract and bibliographic data, plus the date line of the USPSTF recommendation page (both fetched 2026-10-15). The full statement and the evidence review were not read. PubMed lists no correction to the statement.", "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The USPSTF copyright notice (see source core:uspstf-about) lets the public reproduce USPSTF work only without changes, except as fair use, and asks that the USPSTF page be cited. That is not clear permission to repost wording, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the recommendation in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link. The notice also says the work may not be sold for profit or folded into a profit-making venture without written permission from AHRQ (see source cardio:uspstf-copyright-notice, fetched 2026-10-15). Whether the atlas counts as such a venture is not settled here, so every USPSTF fact is kept in the atlas's own words. Quote rows from the abstract are short evidence fragments for the reviewer, and the USPSTF page is quoted only for its date line.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, OBJECTIVE, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 3", "applicability_note": "Reaffirms the 2015 recommendation.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:pubmed-33904861-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:48:56Z", "content_hash": "768b951661f84879b6c87abd3f08bb13a68299f4f53074bd7b4e84b618c835cb", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2021-04-27", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "Reaffirmation statement published in JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PubMed abstract and bibliographic data, plus the date line of the USPSTF recommendation page (both fetched 2026-10-15). The full statement and the evidence review were not read. PubMed lists no correction to the statement.", "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The USPSTF copyright notice (see source core:uspstf-about) lets the public reproduce USPSTF work only without changes, except as fair use, and asks that the USPSTF page be cited. That is not clear permission to repost wording, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the recommendation in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link. The notice also says the work may not be sold for profit or folded into a profit-making venture without written permission from AHRQ (see source cardio:uspstf-copyright-notice, fetched 2026-10-15). Whether the atlas counts as such a venture is not settled here, so every USPSTF fact is kept in the atlas's own words. Quote rows from the abstract are short evidence fragments for the reviewer, and the USPSTF page is quoted only for its date line.", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Page header, date line of the final recommendation statement", "applicability_note": "Date of the final statement.", "snapshot": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-htn-page-2026-10-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:55:02Z", "content_hash": "1bd19fe30db0b99409d9d054092987dba733b5626971845da2f83431a7919886", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "cardio:uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening", "source_type": "guideline", "title": "Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2021.4987", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "33904861", "normalized_value": "33904861", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2021-04-27", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "Reaffirmation statement published in JAMA 2021;325(16):1650-1656. PubMed abstract and bibliographic data, plus the date line of the USPSTF recommendation page (both fetched 2026-10-15). The full statement and the evidence review were not read. PubMed lists no correction to the statement.", "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The USPSTF copyright notice (see source core:uspstf-about) lets the public reproduce USPSTF work only without changes, except as fair use, and asks that the USPSTF page be cited. That is not clear permission to repost wording, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the recommendation in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link. The notice also says the work may not be sold for profit or folded into a profit-making venture without written permission from AHRQ (see source cardio:uspstf-copyright-notice, fetched 2026-10-15). Whether the atlas counts as such a venture is not settled here, so every USPSTF fact is kept in the atlas's own words. Quote rows from the abstract are short evidence fragments for the reviewer, and the USPSTF page is quoted only for its date line.", "public_text": "cite_only" } } ], "review": { "content_digest": "c6105e7d86070d0d8ede0632a302bc1df130713e2994b23a1ad8ee49cbec1421", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "api_path": "api/v1/claims/cardio--claim-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening-a.json" } ], "decisions": [], "milestones": [], "relationships": { "outgoing": [ { "predicate": "authored_by", "label": "Issuer: the Task Force is named as the author in the PubMed record", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "family": "sourced", "other_entity_id": "core:uspstf", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null, "evidence": { "snapshot_id": "cardio:pubmed-33904861-2026-10-15", "locator": "AuthorList, CollectiveName" }, "primary": false, "role": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null } ], "incoming": [] }, "page_path": "guidelines/guideline-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening/", "context_path": "api/v1/context/cardio--guideline-uspstf-2021-hypertension-screening.md" }