{
  "release_id": "73130c34862e2d06",
  "id": "cardio:cpr",
  "owner": "cardio",
  "kind": "intervention",
  "slug": "cpr",
  "name": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)",
  "aliases": [
    "CPR"
  ],
  "atlases": [
    "cardio"
  ],
  "summary_plain": "CPR is the emergency measure used while a person's heart is not pumping. MedlinePlus says it keeps blood moving to the brain and other organs until the heart's rhythm can be restored, and that it should start at once and carry on until a defibrillator is ready. NHLBI says a bystander can improve a person's chance by calling 9-1-1, giving CPR and using an AED, and that few people who have an arrest are treated fast enough to survive.",
  "summary_technical": "NHLBI and MedlinePlus are general patient pages and give no compression rate or depth. No compression rate, depth or class of recommendation is recorded here. MeSH D016887 (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).",
  "editorial_state": "draft",
  "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-15",
  "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-15",
  "next_review_due": null,
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "mesh",
      "value": "D016887",
      "normalized_value": "D016887",
      "match": "exact",
      "version": "id.nlm.nih.gov linked data, retrieved 2026-10-15",
      "label": null,
      "from_source": false
    }
  ],
  "navigation": {
    "cardio": {
      "condition-area": [
        "acute-care-and-long-term-living"
      ]
    }
  },
  "payload": {
    "subtype": "procedure",
    "mechanism": "Keeps blood moving to the brain and other organs until the heart's rhythm can be restored (MedlinePlus).",
    "components": null
  },
  "content_digest": "ac44a46caa42472b04c0c17c717ff3f7c67ca7e2b90a937a7b606bd69f8e80c1",
  "review": {
    "content_digest": "ac44a46caa42472b04c0c17c717ff3f7c67ca7e2b90a937a7b606bd69f8e80c1",
    "current": [],
    "conflicting": [],
    "stale": [],
    "inactive": []
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "release_id": "73130c34862e2d06",
      "id": "cardio:claim-sca-bystander-cpr-and-aed",
      "owner": "cardio",
      "subject_entity_id": "cardio:cpr",
      "category": "descriptive",
      "statement": "NHLBI says bystanders to a cardiac arrest can phone 9-1-1, give CPR and use an AED, and that immediate CPR and defibrillation after a 9-1-1 call can save a life. It adds that few people who have an arrest get treated fast enough to survive. MedlinePlus says CPR should begin right away and carry on until a defibrillator is ready, since CPR keeps blood moving to the brain and other organs until the heart's rhythm is restored, and that the defibrillator shock must come within minutes of the arrest to work well.",
      "context": {
        "id": "cardio:ctx-nhlbi-medlineplus-cardiac-arrest-pages",
        "label": "People in cardiac arrest outside hospital, as described in NHLBI and MedlinePlus patient pages",
        "recipient": "unknown",
        "population": "People who collapse and may be in cardiac arrest, and the bystanders around them. The pages are general patient information and do not give separate advice by age.",
        "care_setting": "Community and public places, then emergency services (the pages are written for bystanders).",
        "geography": "United States (the NHLBI page cites US death figures and the 9-1-1 number).",
        "life_stage_note": "The pages do not state an age group.",
        "life_stage_terms": null,
        "gestational_age_min_days": null,
        "gestational_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_basis": null,
        "postnatal_age_min_days": null,
        "postnatal_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_status": null,
        "postnatal_age_status": null,
        "followup_description": "Not applicable (patient information pages).",
        "eligibility": {
          "inclusion": [
            "A person who collapses, stops responding and is not breathing normally"
          ],
          "exclusion": []
        }
      },
      "evidence_stage": "unknown",
      "certainty": "not_assessed",
      "certainty_method": null,
      "limitations": "General patient information from two government pages. NHLBI is a cite-only source, so its wording is restated and not quoted. The pages are not a guideline: they give no compression rate or depth and no class of recommendation. The 2025 AHA guideline abstracts were read, but their recommendations were not.",
      "editorial_state": "draft",
      "checked_at": "2026-10-15",
      "next_review_due": null,
      "valid_from": null,
      "valid_to": null,
      "citations": [
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          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Page body, paragraph 6",
          "applicability_note": "Patient information page, restated in the claim.",
          "snapshot": {
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            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:53:21Z",
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            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest",
            "source_type": "webpage",
            "title": "Cardiac Arrest: What Is Cardiac Arrest? (NHLBI)",
            "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-arrest",
            "identifiers": [],
            "publication_date": null,
            "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH)",
            "edition": "Page fetched 2026-10-15. The page says it was last updated on May 19, 2022.",
            "reuse_basis": "NHLBI is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The pages carry third-party material, such as glossary entries and animations, that this atlas does not use. NIH's own web policy page returned HTTP 403 to a script on 2026-10-14 in an earlier cluster (cj-nih-web-policies.html) and was not tried again here, so NHLBI's reuse terms have not been read. Public text is cite_only until they are read; the integration owner can change it to quote. Hash only; the page is not committed (fetched as ck-nhlbi-cardiac-arrest.html).",
            "public_text": "cite_only",
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        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Page body, paragraph 6 (quote 2)",
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          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest",
            "source_type": "webpage",
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            "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH)",
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        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
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            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest-2026-10-15",
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          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest",
            "source_type": "webpage",
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            "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cardiac-arrest",
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            "publication_date": null,
            "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH)",
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            "reuse_basis": "NHLBI is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The pages carry third-party material, such as glossary entries and animations, that this atlas does not use. NIH's own web policy page returned HTTP 403 to a script on 2026-10-14 in an earlier cluster (cj-nih-web-policies.html) and was not tried again here, so NHLBI's reuse terms have not been read. Public text is cite_only until they are read; the integration owner can change it to quote. Hash only; the page is not committed (fetched as ck-nhlbi-cardiac-arrest.html).",
            "public_text": "cite_only",
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        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Page body, AED section (quote 2)",
          "applicability_note": "Patient information page, restated in the claim.",
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            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest-2026-10-15",
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          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-cardiac-arrest",
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          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Summary, treatments",
          "applicability_note": "Patient information page, restated in the claim.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "cardio:medlineplus-suddencardiacarrest-2026-10-15",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:54:14Z",
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          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:medlineplus-suddencardiacarrest",
            "source_type": "webpage",
            "title": "Sudden Cardiac Arrest (MedlinePlus health topic)",
            "canonical_url": "https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html",
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            "publication_date": null,
            "publisher": "U.S. National Library of Medicine (MedlinePlus)",
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            "reuse_basis": "MedlinePlus states that works produced by the federal government are not copyrighted, and lists the summaries on health topic pages and medical test information as public domain (the page titled Linking to and Using Content from MedlinePlus, fetched as ck-medlineplus-usingcontent.html, sha256 f70c0b8c67574e30377aab0c22b44038364a37e2e9f54a2ffa67597383b3de34). It names the A.D.A.M. encyclopedia, drug monographs and many images as copyrighted; this atlas uses only the page summary text. Source: MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine. The raw page is committed at research/snapshots/ck-medlineplus-suddencardiacarrest.html (fetched as ck-medlineplus-suddencardiacarrest.html).",
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      "api_path": "api/v1/claims/cardio--claim-sca-bystander-cpr-and-aed.json"
    }
  ],
  "decisions": [],
  "milestones": [],
  "relationships": {
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "predicate": "related_to",
        "label": "Emergency response to this condition",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "cardio:sudden-cardiac-arrest",
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      {
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        "label": "Related to",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "cardio:bottleneck-bystander-cpr-gaps",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
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        "role": null,
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      },
      {
        "predicate": "related_to",
        "label": "Related to",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "cardio:pathway-out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest",
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        "other_entity_id": "cardio:ilcor",
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    ]
  },
  "page_path": "interventions/cpr/",
  "context_path": "api/v1/context/cardio--cpr.md"
}