{
  "release_id": "5dcd9b263fe17744",
  "id": "cardio:beta-blockers",
  "owner": "cardio",
  "kind": "drug",
  "slug": "beta-blockers",
  "name": "Beta-blockers (drug class)",
  "aliases": [
    "Beta blockers",
    "Adrenergic beta-antagonists"
  ],
  "atlases": [
    "cardio"
  ],
  "summary_plain": "A class of medicines that slow the heart rate. NHLBI lists beta blockers among medicines commonly used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and says they ease the work of pumping and can help keep heart failure from worsening over the long term. A summary of the 2022 heart failure guideline names beta blockers as one of four classes of guideline-directed medical therapy.",
  "summary_technical": "Class page. MeSH heading D000319, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, is an exact match. The NHLBI treatment page (last updated March 24, 2022) groups beta blockers with ivabradine and lists slow or irregular heart rate among the possible side effects of the group; the page does not separate beta blockers. No member substance is recorded in this area of the atlas yet, and no trial of a beta blocker is recorded here. NHLBI content is cite only, so this atlas states it in its own words.",
  "editorial_state": "draft",
  "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-15",
  "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-15",
  "next_review_due": null,
  "identifiers": [
    {
      "scheme": "mesh",
      "value": "D000319",
      "normalized_value": "D000319",
      "match": "exact",
      "version": "read 2026-10-15",
      "label": null,
      "from_source": false
    }
  ],
  "navigation": {
    "cardio": {
      "system": [
        "heart"
      ],
      "condition-area": [
        "heart-failure"
      ]
    }
  },
  "payload": {
    "level": "class",
    "mechanism": "NHLBI says medicines in this group slow the heart rate, which makes it easier for the heart to pump blood."
  },
  "content_digest": "3458e83ad333a1440fbef5a7cd7199ef3af45ebb98cf6fa10d06b78815e54691",
  "review": {
    "content_digest": "3458e83ad333a1440fbef5a7cd7199ef3af45ebb98cf6fa10d06b78815e54691",
    "current": [],
    "conflicting": [],
    "stale": [],
    "inactive": []
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "release_id": "5dcd9b263fe17744",
      "id": "cardio:claim-nhlbi-beta-blockers-heart-failure",
      "owner": "cardio",
      "subject_entity_id": "cardio:beta-blockers",
      "category": "descriptive",
      "statement": "NHLBI lists beta blockers among medicines that slow the heart rate, which it says eases the work of pumping and can help keep heart failure from worsening over the long term. It names these medicines among those commonly used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. For the group of rate-slowing medicines, which also includes ivabradine, it lists possible side effects including a heart rate that is slow or uneven.",
      "context": {
        "id": "cardio:ctx-nhlbi-heart-failure-reduced-ef",
        "label": "People with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (NHLBI treatment page)",
        "recipient": "unknown",
        "population": "People with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, as the NHLBI treatment page describes the group of left-sided heart failure that its medicines list is for. The page gives no age limits and no ejection fraction cut-off on this page.",
        "care_setting": "Not stated; the page is patient information about treatment.",
        "geography": "United States (an NIH institute page; the page names no jurisdiction)",
        "life_stage_note": "Not stated on the page",
        "life_stage_terms": null,
        "gestational_age_min_days": null,
        "gestational_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_basis": null,
        "postnatal_age_min_days": null,
        "postnatal_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_status": null,
        "postnatal_age_status": null,
        "followup_description": "Not applicable (guideline context)",
        "eligibility": {
          "inclusion": [
            "Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, as the NHLBI page uses the term"
          ],
          "exclusion": []
        }
      },
      "evidence_stage": "guidance",
      "certainty": "not_assessed",
      "certainty_method": null,
      "limitations": "The NHLBI page is cite only, so this atlas states it in its own words. The page lists side effects for the whole group, not for beta blockers alone. It gives no doses and no evidence for the claims. The NHLBI treatment page gives no numeric ejection fraction cut-off, so the context here does not state one.",
      "editorial_state": "draft",
      "checked_at": "2026-10-15",
      "next_review_due": null,
      "valid_from": null,
      "valid_to": null,
      "citations": [
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Medicines, left-sided heart failure, lead-in",
          "applicability_note": "The medicines listed are commonly used for HFrEF.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-treatment-2026-10-15",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:55:49Z",
            "content_hash": "803a6bca8adbe88bf19236a1d1ecdd3016cdceb691da6da5b610af03c2d25a0e",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-heart-failure-treatment",
            "source_type": "webpage",
            "title": "Heart failure: treatment (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)",
            "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-failure/treatment",
            "identifiers": [],
            "publication_date": "2022-03-24",
            "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute",
            "edition": "NHLBI page as fetched on 2026-10-15; the page shows that it was last updated on March 24, 2022.",
            "reuse_basis": "NHLBI web page fetched with a plain Mozilla/5.0 user agent on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The NHLBI pages state no reuse terms that were read here, and the NIH web policies page returned HTTP 403 in clusters E and J and was not retried, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the facts in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link.",
            "public_text": "cite_only"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Medicines, left-sided heart failure, rate-slowing medicines",
          "applicability_note": "Beta blockers slow the heart rate and ease its work.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-treatment-2026-10-15",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:55:49Z",
            "content_hash": "803a6bca8adbe88bf19236a1d1ecdd3016cdceb691da6da5b610af03c2d25a0e",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-heart-failure-treatment",
            "source_type": "webpage",
            "title": "Heart failure: treatment (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)",
            "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-failure/treatment",
            "identifiers": [],
            "publication_date": "2022-03-24",
            "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute",
            "edition": "NHLBI page as fetched on 2026-10-15; the page shows that it was last updated on March 24, 2022.",
            "reuse_basis": "NHLBI web page fetched with a plain Mozilla/5.0 user agent on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The NHLBI pages state no reuse terms that were read here, and the NIH web policies page returned HTTP 403 in clusters E and J and was not retried, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the facts in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link.",
            "public_text": "cite_only"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Medicines, left-sided heart failure, rate-slowing medicines, side effects",
          "applicability_note": "Side effects listed for the group.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-hf-treatment-2026-10-15",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15T13:55:49Z",
            "content_hash": "803a6bca8adbe88bf19236a1d1ecdd3016cdceb691da6da5b610af03c2d25a0e",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "cardio:nhlbi-heart-failure-treatment",
            "source_type": "webpage",
            "title": "Heart failure: treatment (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)",
            "canonical_url": "https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-failure/treatment",
            "identifiers": [],
            "publication_date": "2022-03-24",
            "publisher": "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute",
            "edition": "NHLBI page as fetched on 2026-10-15; the page shows that it was last updated on March 24, 2022.",
            "reuse_basis": "NHLBI web page fetched with a plain Mozilla/5.0 user agent on 2026-10-15. Only the hash of the bytes is kept; nothing is committed. The NHLBI pages state no reuse terms that were read here, and the NIH web policies page returned HTTP 403 in clusters E and J and was not retried, so public text is cite_only: public pages state the facts in the atlas's own words, with a citation and a link.",
            "public_text": "cite_only"
          }
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "content_digest": "af4c77dd984a58125975aa2789013dceebadcb0a99875d3c8dad572f57c0e4db",
        "current": [],
        "conflicting": [],
        "stale": [],
        "inactive": []
      },
      "api_path": "api/v1/claims/cardio--claim-nhlbi-beta-blockers-heart-failure.json"
    }
  ],
  "decisions": [],
  "milestones": [],
  "relationships": {
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "predicate": "related_to",
        "label": "Regimen component",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "cardio:hfref-four-medicine-regimen",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": false,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      },
      {
        "predicate": "part_of",
        "label": "Files under this front",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "cardio:front-medicines",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": true,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      }
    ],
    "incoming": []
  },
  "page_path": "drugs/beta-blockers/",
  "context_path": "api/v1/context/cardio--beta-blockers.md"
}