# Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) Technology · id `cardio:implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator` · Cardiovascular Atlas · release `73130c34862e2d06` (public) > General information from published sources, not medical advice, and not reviewed by clinicians. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. The atlas's own text and curation may be reused under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/): credit the atlas, and do not use it commercially. See the atlas About page. Text quoted from a source stays under that source's own terms, given as the source's reuse\_basis. The atlas's reuse terms do not cover it. The downloads list each quotation with its source in third\_party\_quotations. Also called: ICD; Implanted cardioverter defibrillator Browse, organ or system: Heart Browse, condition area: Heart rhythm problems ## In plain language An ICD is a small device that a surgeon places in the chest. It is programmed to detect a dangerous heart rhythm or a cardiac arrest without help, and then gives a strong electric shock to end the rhythm or restart the heart. Some ICDs also work as pacemakers. In SCD-HeFT, people with NYHA class II or III heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less had a lower risk of death with an ICD than with placebo. In DANISH, people with symptomatic systolic heart failure (ejection fraction 35% or less) not caused by coronary artery disease did not have a significantly lower rate of death from any cause with an ICD than with usual care, although sudden cardiac death was less frequent. ## Technical summary A US government health page also describes wearable cardioverter defibrillators, which it presents as battery-powered vests. SCD-HeFT (NCT00000609; PubMed 15659722): 2521 patients, hazard ratio for death 0.77 (97.5% CI 0.62 to 0.96) with a conservatively programmed, shock-only, single-lead ICD against placebo, and 1.06 (97.5% CI 0.86 to 1.30) with amiodarone. DANISH (NCT00542945; PubMed 27571011): 1116 patients, 21.6% against 23.4% died (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.12), and sudden cardiac death 4.3% against 8.2% (hazard ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.82). MeSH D017147 (Defibrillators, Implantable). ## Claims, with the population each applies to ## Context: Adults with symptomatic systolic heart failure not caused by coronary artery disease (DANISH) Recipient: Adult; Population: Patients with symptomatic systolic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less) not caused by coronary artery disease. In both groups 58 percent received cardiac resynchronization therapy (abstract). The registry also requires NYHA class II to III (class IV accepted if a biventricular pacemaker is planned) and NT-proBNP above 200 pg/ml.; Care setting: Not stated in the abstract. The registry calls the study multicenter in its title and lists one location, in Denmark.; Geography: Denmark (the one country in the registry record).; Life stage: Registry minimum age is 18 years; the registry gives no maximum age.; Follow-up: Median follow-up was 67.6 months (abstract). The registry gives 5 years as the primary outcome time frame. ### In DANISH, a randomized, controlled trial, 556 patients with symptomatic systolic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less) not caused by coronary artery disease were assigned to receive an ICD and 560 were assigned to usual clinical care; in both groups 58 percent received cardiac resynchronization therapy. The primary outcome was death from any cause. After a median follow-up of 67.6 months, the primary outcome had occurred in 120 patients (21.6 percent) in the ICD group and in 131 patients (23.4 percent) in the control group (hazard ratio 0.87; 95 percent confidence interval 0.68 to 1.12; P=0.28). Sudden cardiac death, a secondary outcome, occurred in 24 patients (4.3 percent) in the ICD group and in 46 patients (8.2 percent) in the control group (hazard ratio 0.50; 95 percent confidence interval 0.31 to 0.82; P=0.005). Device infection occurred in 27 patients (4.9 percent) in the ICD group and in 20 patients (3.6 percent) in the control group (P=0.29). The authors conclude that prophylactic ICD implantation was not associated with a significantly lower long-term rate of death from any cause than usual clinical care. - Category: Effect - Evidence stage: Interventional - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Adult; Population: Patients with symptomatic systolic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less) not caused by coronary artery disease. In both groups 58 percent received cardiac resynchronization therapy (abstract). The registry also requires NYHA class II to III (class IV accepted if a biventricular pacemaker is planned) and NT-proBNP above 200 pg/ml.; Care setting: Not stated in the abstract. The registry calls the study multicenter in its title and lists one location, in Denmark.; Geography: Denmark (the one country in the registry record).; Life stage: Registry minimum age is 18 years; the registry gives no maximum age.; Follow-up: Median follow-up was 67.6 months (abstract). The registry gives 5 years as the primary outcome time frame. - Limitations: Abstract of the 2016 report only; the full text was not read (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). The primary outcome did not differ significantly between the groups. The sudden-cardiac-death result is a secondary outcome, and the abstract does not say how it was adjusted for multiple comparisons. The trial studied heart failure not caused by coronary artery disease and says nothing about heart failure caused by coronary artery disease. The abstract names Medtronic and others as funders. PubMed lists no erratum for this record. The registry record holds no results. - Last checked: 2026-10-15 - Sources: 1. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Background stated in the abstract. 2. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 2, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Background stated in the abstract. 3. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 2, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Background stated in the abstract. 4. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Background stated in the abstract. 5. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 6. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 7. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 8. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 9. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 4. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 10. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 11. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 12. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 2, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 13. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 2, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 14. Supports: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 15. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: The authors' conclusion in the abstract. 16. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: The authors' conclusion in the abstract. 17. Background: Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts).) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ed86c7418fab9245ebefc0371dc41a8479fede9fdf2b4ceb7b831b4e91ef4dc1. How it applies: The authors' conclusion in the abstract. ## Context: Adults with NYHA class II or III congestive heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less (SCD-HeFT) Recipient: Adult; Population: Patients with New York Heart Association class II or III congestive heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less (abstract and registry wording). The abstract gives a median ejection fraction of 25 percent; heart failure was ischemic in 52 percent and nonischemic in 48 percent.; Care setting: Not stated in the abstract or the registry record.; Geography: The registry record lists no study locations.; Life stage: Registry age limits are 19 to 90 years.; Follow-up: Median follow-up was 45.5 months (abstract). The registry gives a completion date of 2005-04. ### In SCD-HeFT, 2521 patients with New York Heart Association class II or III congestive heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less were randomly assigned to conventional therapy plus placebo (847 patients), conventional therapy plus amiodarone (845 patients), or conventional therapy plus a conservatively programmed, shock-only, single-lead ICD (829 patients). Placebo and amiodarone were given in a double-blind fashion. The primary end point was death from any cause, and median follow-up was 45.5 months. There were 244 deaths (29 percent) in the placebo group, 240 (28 percent) in the amiodarone group and 182 (22 percent) in the ICD group. Compared with placebo, amiodarone was associated with a similar risk of death (hazard ratio 1.06; 97.5 percent confidence interval 0.86 to 1.30; P=0.53), and ICD therapy with a decreased risk of death of 23 percent (hazard ratio 0.77; 97.5 percent confidence interval 0.62 to 0.96; P=0.007) and an absolute decrease in mortality of 7.2 percentage points after five years in the overall population. Results did not vary by ischemic or nonischemic cause of heart failure but did vary by NYHA class. - Category: Effect - Evidence stage: Interventional - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Adult; Population: Patients with New York Heart Association class II or III congestive heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less (abstract and registry wording). The abstract gives a median ejection fraction of 25 percent; heart failure was ischemic in 52 percent and nonischemic in 48 percent.; Care setting: Not stated in the abstract or the registry record.; Geography: The registry record lists no study locations.; Life stage: Registry age limits are 19 to 90 years.; Follow-up: Median follow-up was 45.5 months (abstract). The registry gives a completion date of 2005-04. - Limitations: Abstract of the 2005 report only; the full text was not read (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links an erratum (a correction) (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the numbers may not match the corrected paper. The abstract says placebo and amiodarone were double-blind and does not describe masking of the ICD group. The ICD was a conservatively programmed, shock-only, single-lead device, so the result is not evidence about other programming. The abstract says results varied by NYHA class but gives no figures for it. The registry record lists no results and no study locations. - Last checked: 2026-10-15 - Source problem: a cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim. - Sources: 1. Background: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Background stated in the abstract. 2. Background: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Background stated in the abstract. 3. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 4. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 5. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 3 of 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 6. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 7. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Design, population or outcome definition in the abstract. 8. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 9. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 10. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 11. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 4, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 12. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 4, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 13. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 5, fragment 1 of 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 14. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 5, fragment 2 of 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 15. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 5, fragment 3 of 3. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 16. Supports: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 6. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: Result stated in the abstract. 17. Background: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: The authors' conclusion in the abstract. 18. Background: Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) fetched 2026-10-15 through NCBI E-utilities. No PMC copy is listed. The full text and the version of record were not fetched (NEJM pages return HTTP 403 to scripts). PubMed links a published erratum (N Engl J Med 2005 May 19;352(20):2146) whose text was not read, so the source state is corrected.) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 2. Retrieved 2026-10-15T13:48:58Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 9e02e8268dadfb84fc08a78f82aa246eadeacc3c6916539dc5b812d2f6d96660. How it applies: The authors' conclusion in the abstract. ## Connected pages - Compared with placebo and amiodarone in SCD-HeFT: Heart failure (`cardio:heart-failure`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-scd-heft-icd-amiodarone` and its context] - Compared with usual care in heart failure not caused by coronary artery disease (DANISH): Heart failure (`cardio:heart-failure`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-danish-icd-nonischemic-hf` and its context] - Filed under this front: Devices and monitoring (`cardio:front-devices-and-monitoring`) - Used by: Subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) system (`cardio:subcutaneous-icd`) - Investigated in: DANISH (`cardio:danish-trial`) - Investigated in: SCD-HeFT (`cardio:scd-heft`) ## Provenance Content hash: 143844a186bcbca00924455aa353b8ffba10c4474ed92e406e289417d08e3782 Last substantive edit: 2026-10-15 Evidence last checked: 2026-10-15