# Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Condition · id `cardio:chronic-kidney-disease` · Cardiovascular Atlas · release `f6f6f1b6f50379ed` (public)

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Also called: CKD; Chronic renal insufficiency

Browse, organ or system: Kidneys  
Browse, condition area: Kidney connections  

## In plain language

A long-term condition in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter the blood the way they should. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes in adults. Many people have no symptoms until the disease is far along, and blood and urine tests are the way to find it.

## Technical summary

Hub condition for the kidney outcome trials in this atlas: FLOW, FIDELIO-DKD, DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY. It is found and followed with the eGFR blood test and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).

## Connected pages

- NIDDK and MedlinePlus name high blood pressure, with diabetes, as a most common cause of chronic kidney disease in adults: Hypertension (high blood pressure) (`core:hypertension`)
- Related to heart failure: Heart failure (`cardio:heart-failure`)
- Filed under this front: Kidney and metabolic care (`cardio:front-kidney-and-metabolic-care`)
- Related to: MedlinePlus (`core:medlineplus`)
- Evaluated for this: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (`cardio:egfr`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-egfr-use` and its context]
- Evaluated for this: Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) (`cardio:uacr`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-uacr-use` and its context]
- Related to: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health (`cardio:cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-health`)
- Risk raised by: Type 2 diabetes (`cardio:type-2-diabetes`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-diabetes-ckd-cause` and its context]
- Evaluated for this: Dapagliflozin (`cardio:dapagliflozin`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-dapa-ckd-kidney-effect` and its context]
- Evaluated for this: Empagliflozin (`cardio:empagliflozin`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-empa-kidney-effect` and its context]
- Evaluated for this: Finerenone (`cardio:finerenone`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-fidelio-dkd-kidney-effect` and its context]
- Evaluated for this: Semaglutide (`cardio:semaglutide`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `cardio:claim-flow-kidney-effect` and its context]
- Investigated in: DAPA-CKD: dapagliflozin in chronic kidney disease (`cardio:dapa-ckd`)
- Investigated in: EMPA-KIDNEY: empagliflozin in a broad range of chronic kidney disease (`cardio:empa-kidney`)
- Investigated in: FIDELIO-DKD: finerenone and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes (`cardio:fidelio-dkd`)
- Investigated in: FLOW: semaglutide and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease (`cardio:flow-trial`)

## Provenance

Content hash: e101278cd8b3a4484d45e4396b8f09544705657bdec64eb10577e241d86c5aef
Last substantive edit: 2026-10-14
Evidence last checked: Not recorded